Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

Drugs that Destabilize Microtubules

Drugs that Destabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures and can be regulated by microtubule targeting agents (MTAs). Microtubule destabilizing drugs are a class of MTAs that destabilize and prevent microtubules' polymerization. Both natural and synthetic chemicals can be found under this class of drugs. Vincristine and vinblastine, two vinca alkaloids, and colchicine were among the first to be discovered. These drugs can affect cells in various ways, either by inducing a change in cell morphology, preventing...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Innovative use of syringe plunger to secure contrast medium during indirect sinus lift: A technical note.

National journal of maxillofacial surgery·2026

Same author

Assessment of Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Augmentation in Follicular Unit Extraction in Hair Density Improvement: A Prospective Study.

Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences·2026

Same author

A Conversational Agent (PracticePal) to Support the Delivery of a Brief Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression in Rural India: Development and Pilot-Testing Study.

JMIR formative research·2025

Same author

A theoretical and computational dynamical analysis of a deformed biological population due to prolongation in internally emitted toxicants.

MethodsX·2025

Same author

Specific imaging of CD8 + T-Cell dynamics with a nanobody radiotracer against human CD8β.

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging·2024

Same author

Treating low- and intermediate-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia with and without chemotherapy: A comparison in a tertiary care center.

Journal of cancer research and therapeutics·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Real-time Cytotoxicity Assays in Human Whole Blood

Real-time Cytotoxicity Assays in Human Whole Blood

Published on: November 7, 2014

Cytotoxic agents from Terminalia arjuna.

Mohit Saxena¹, Uzma Faridi, Rupal Mishra

¹Analytical Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, India.

|November 17, 2007

Summary

Four novel cytotoxic compounds were isolated from Terminalia arjuna bark. Arjunic acid demonstrated significant activity against oral, ovarian, and liver cancer cell lines, with a derivative showing enhanced efficacy.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Real-time Cytotoxicity Assays in Human Whole Blood

Real-time Cytotoxicity Assays in Human Whole Blood

Published on: November 7, 2014

Area of Science:

Phytochemistry
Medicinal Chemistry
Cancer Biology

Background:

Terminalia arjuna is an Indian medicinal plant with numerous isolated compounds, but limited biological evaluation.
A drug discovery program focused on identifying cytotoxic agents from Indian medicinal plants.

Purpose of the Study:

To isolate and evaluate novel cytotoxic agents from the bark of Terminalia arjuna.
To investigate the anti-cancer potential of arjunic acid and its semi-synthetic derivatives against various human cancer cell lines.

Main Methods:

Isolation of four novel cytotoxic compounds: arjunic acid (1), arjungenin (2), arjunetin (3), and arjunoglucoside I (4) from T. arjuna bark.
In vitro cytotoxic evaluation of isolated compounds against human oral (KB), ovarian (PA 1), and liver (HepG-2 & WRL-68) cancer cell lines.
Semi-synthetic modification of arjunic acid to generate seven ester derivatives (5-11) and assessment of their enhanced cytotoxic activity.

Main Results:

Arjunic acid (1) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against KB, PA 1, HepG-2, and WRL-68 cell lines.
2-O-Palmitoyl arjunic acid (6) demonstrated a two-fold increase in activity compared to arjunic acid.
Derivatives 7-10 showed reduced activity (1.7-2.3 times less) than vinblastine against HepG-2 and WRL-68 cell lines.

Conclusions:

Arjunic acid is a promising cytotoxic agent derived from Terminalia arjuna with potential for cancer therapy.
Semi-synthetic modifications of arjunic acid can modulate its cytotoxic activity, with 2-O-Palmitoyl arjunic acid showing enhanced efficacy.