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Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

Published on: January 28, 2020

A guide to making appropriate orthodontic referrals.

Paul Dowsing¹, Jonathan Sandler

¹The Princess Royal Hospital, Telford, UK.

|November 21, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Timely orthodontic referrals improve dental health and socio-psychological well-being. Proper referral timing and methods optimize resource use and patient outcomes, benefiting patients and clinicians.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

Published on: January 28, 2020

Area of Science:

Dentistry
Orthodontics
Public Health

Background:

Orthodontic treatment significantly enhances dental health and socio-psychological well-being.
Efficient orthodontic referrals are crucial for optimizing patient care and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide guidance on the optimal timing and methods for orthodontic referrals.
To improve the efficiency of the referral process for patients, parents, and clinicians.

Main Methods:

Review of current orthodontic referral practices.
Analysis of factors influencing successful orthodontic outcomes.
Development of evidence-based referral guidelines.

Main Results:

Appropriate referral timing leads to better treatment outcomes.
Streamlined referral processes reduce patient and clinician frustration.
Effective referrals maximize the benefits of orthodontic interventions.

Conclusions:

Appropriate orthodontic referral is key to efficient and effective resource utilization.
Optimizing the referral process maximizes patient benefit and satisfaction.