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Related Concept Videos

Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment molecules...
Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
The Photochemical Reaction Center01:29

The Photochemical Reaction Center

Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...
Photosystems01:32

Photosystems

Photosystems are multiprotein complexes that form the functional units of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They are found embedded in the membrane of tiny sac-like structures called thylakoids placed inside the chloroplast.
Functioning of Photosystems
Photosystems contain many pigment molecules, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, arranged in a particular organization across two domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment molecules...
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...

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Separation of Spinach Thylakoid Protein Complexes by Native Green Gel Electrophoresis and Band Characterization using Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting
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Separation of Spinach Thylakoid Protein Complexes by Native Green Gel Electrophoresis and Band Characterization using Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting

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Rigid-rod push-pull naphthalenediimide photosystems.

Naomi Sakai1, Adam L Sisson, Sheshanath Bhosale

  • 1Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|November 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed advanced rigid-rod photosystems. Surprisingly, asymmetric scaffolds and push-pull rods had minimal impact on self-organization, charge separation, and photosynthetic activity.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Separation of Spinach Thylakoid Protein Complexes by Native Green Gel Electrophoresis and Band Characterization using Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting
08:40

Separation of Spinach Thylakoid Protein Complexes by Native Green Gel Electrophoresis and Band Characterization using Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting

Published on: February 14, 2019

Isolating and Incorporating Light-Harvesting Antennas from Diatom Cyclotella Meneghiniana in Liposomes with Thylakoid Lipids
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Isolating and Incorporating Light-Harvesting Antennas from Diatom Cyclotella Meneghiniana in Liposomes with Thylakoid Lipids

Published on: August 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Photochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Rigid-rod molecules are crucial for developing artificial photosynthesis systems.
  • Understanding molecular self-organization is key to efficient energy conversion.
  • Asymmetric scaffolds can influence the properties of molecular assemblies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, synthesize, and evaluate novel rigid-rod pi-stack photosystems.
  • To investigate the impact of asymmetric scaffolds on photosystem properties.
  • To determine the influence of push-pull rods on self-organization, charge separation, and photosynthetic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Asymmetric scaffold design and synthesis of rigid-rod molecules.
  • Spectroscopic analysis to study self-organization and charge transfer.
  • Electrochemical methods to evaluate photosynthetic activity.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of advanced rigid-rod pi-stack photosystems.
  • Asymmetric scaffolds were incorporated into the photosystem design.
  • The influence of push-pull rods on self-organization, photoinduced charge separation, and photosynthetic activity was found to be unexpectedly small.

Conclusions:

  • The study reports the creation of novel rigid-rod photosystems.
  • The impact of specific structural modifications (asymmetric scaffolds, push-pull rods) on key functions was less significant than anticipated.
  • Further research may be needed to optimize these systems for artificial photosynthesis.