Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026
Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
Published on: May 31, 2021
Exercise and self-esteem in menopausal women: a randomized controlled trial involving walking and yoga
Steriani Elavsky1, Edward McAuley
1Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, 268-B Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. sxe16@psu.edu
Purpose:
To examine the effects of walking and yoga on multidimensional self-esteem and roles played by self-efficacy, body composition, and physical activity (PA) in changes in esteem.
Design:
Four-month randomized controlled exercise trial with three arms: walking, yoga, and control.
Subjects:
Previously low-active middle-aged women (n=164; M age = 49.9; SD = 3.6).
Intervention:
Structured and supervised walking program meeting three times per week for I hour and supervised yoga program meeting twice per week for 90 minutes.
Measures:
Body composition, fitness assessment, and battery of psychologic measures.
Analysis:
Panel analysis within a structural equation modeling framework using Mplus 3.0.
Results:
The walking and yoga interventions failed to enhance global or physical self-esteem but improved subdomain esteem relative to physical condition and strength (for walking) and body attractiveness (for both walking and yoga). Over time the effects of PA, self-efficacy, and body fat on changes in physical self-esteem and global esteem were mediated by changes in physical condition and body attractiveness subdomain esteem. Women reporting greater levels of self-efficacy and PA with lower body fat also reported greater enhancements in subdomain esteem.
Conclusion:
These results provide support for the hierarchic and multidimensional nature of self-esteem and indicate that middle-aged women may enhance certain aspects of physical self-esteem by participating in PA.
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