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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

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Related Experiment Videos

Part XIII. Systemic antifungal therapy.

Kristin H Busse1, Chris A Gentry, Michael S Bronze

  • 1Infectious Diseases Secton, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA.

The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association
|November 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Serious systemic fungal infections were once rare, treated only by amphotericin B deoxycholate. A rise in infections led to new antifungal drugs, necessitating an updated review of treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Systemic fungal infections were historically rare and primarily treated with intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate.
  • The late 20th century saw a significant increase in the incidence of serious systemic fungal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of antifungal therapy in light of new drug classes.
  • To address the evolving landscape of treating systemic fungal infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of antifungal agents introduced in the last 15 years.
  • Analysis of the emergence of new antifungal drug classes.

Main Results:

  • Four new classes of antifungal agents were introduced within a 15-year period.
  • These new classes include triazoles, liposomal amphotericin B preparations, allylamines, and echinocandins.

Conclusions:

  • The development of new antifungal agents has expanded treatment options.
  • An updated review is crucial due to the increased incidence and availability of diverse antifungal therapies.