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Related Concept Videos

Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Is DARPP-32 a potential therapeutic target?

Helton J Reis1, Daniela V F Rosa, Melissa M Guimarães

  • 1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Farmacologia, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627 - Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil.

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Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) is crucial in brain function and cancer. This review explores its diverse roles and therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Signaling pathways are vital for cellular functions.
  • Dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) is central to dopaminoceptive neurons.
  • DARPP-32 influences neural phenomena like neuroplasticity, drug effects, and cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse functions of DARPP-32.
  • To explore DARPP-32's role in non-neuronal tissues, including cancer.
  • To discuss DARPP-32 as a potential therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on DARPP-32.
  • Analysis of DARPP-32's involvement in neural and non-neuronal systems.
  • Examination of DARPP-32's association with cancer malignancy.

Main Results:

  • DARPP-32 is implicated in various neural processes.
  • DARPP-32 expression correlates with cancer malignancy by modulating cell survival and differentiation.
  • DARPP-32 exhibits functions beyond its established neuronal roles.

Conclusions:

  • DARPP-32 has significant roles in both neuronal and non-neuronal systems.
  • DARPP-32's involvement in cancer suggests its potential as a therapeutic target.
  • Further research into DARPP-32's functions could lead to novel treatments.