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Published on: January 25, 2018
Interleukin-1 beta up-regulates TACE to enhance alpha-cleavage of APP in neurons: resulting decrease in Abeta
Yuriko Tachida1, Kazuhiro Nakagawa, Takashi Saito
1Glyco-chain Functions Laboratory, Supra-biomolecular System Group, Frontier Research System, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Saitama, Japan.
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) surprisingly reduces amyloid-beta production by promoting alpha-cleavage over beta-cleavage. This suggests IL-1beta signaling could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, implicating it as a potential risk factor.
- Amyloid plaques are a hallmark of AD, and their formation is linked to the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of IL-1beta on APP processing pathways in neuronal cells.
- To determine whether IL-1beta influences alpha-cleavage and beta-cleavage of APP.
Main Methods:
- Treated human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells and primary mouse neurons with IL-1beta.
- Assessed levels of APP alpha-cleavage products (sAPPalpha, C83) and beta-cleavage products (sAPPbeta, Abeta40/42).
- Utilized a TACE inhibitor (TAPI-2) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) to explore mechanisms.
Main Results:
- IL-1beta significantly increased alpha-cleavage products (sAPPalpha, C83) and decreased beta-cleavage products (sAPPbeta, Abeta40/42).
- IL-1beta upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of TACE (TNF-alpha converting enzyme), a key enzyme in alpha-cleavage.
- Inhibition of TACE or IL-1 receptor signaling reversed IL-1beta's effects on APP processing.
Conclusions:
- IL-1beta acts as an anti-amyloidogenic factor by shifting APP processing from beta-cleavage to alpha-cleavage.
- IL-1beta's effects are mediated via the IL-1 receptor and involve TACE upregulation.
- Enhancing IL-1beta signaling or inhibiting IL-1Ra may offer novel therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease.
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