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Parthenium dermatitis.

Vinod K Sharma1, Gomathy Sethuraman

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug
|November 21, 2007
PubMed
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Parthenium dermatitis, caused by Parthenium hysterophorus, presents diverse clinical patterns, including airborne and photodermatitis. Sesquiterpene lactones are the primary allergens, with acetone extracts proving effective for diagnosis and treatment focusing on symptom management and allergen avoidance.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Botany

Background:

  • Parthenium hysterophorus and Tanacetum parthenium are significant causes of plant-induced allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Parthenium dermatitis is a prevalent issue, particularly in India and Australia.
  • The plant belongs to the Compositae family.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the spectrum of clinical presentations of Parthenium dermatitis.
  • To identify the allergenic components and optimal extraction methods for diagnostic testing.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for Parthenium dermatitis.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical observation and documentation of various dermatitis patterns.
  • Identification of allergens as sesquiterpene lactones within plant oleoresins.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of different solvent extracts (acetone, alcohol, ether, water) for patch testing efficacy.
  • Assessment of treatment outcomes with topical/systemic corticosteroids and azathioprine.

    • Main Results:

    • Parthenium dermatitis exhibits diverse clinical patterns, including classical airborne contact dermatitis, seborrheic, widespread, and exfoliative dermatitis.
    • Clinical trends show a shift from classic airborne contact dermatitis to photodermatitis or mixed patterns.
    • Sesquiterpene lactones in the oleoresin are the causative allergens, with acetone extracts demonstrating superior sensitivity for patch testing compared to aqueous extracts.
    • Symptomatic treatment, including topical steroids, antihistamines, and Parthenium avoidance, is effective for localized cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Parthenium dermatitis presents a changing spectrum of clinical manifestations.
    • Sesquiterpene lactones are the key allergens, and acetone extracts are optimal for diagnostic patch testing.
    • Management requires symptomatic treatment, allergen avoidance, and potentially systemic therapies for severe cases.