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Spongy Bone

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

What is the Skeletal System?

What is the Skeletal System?

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

The Functions of the Skeletal System

The Functions of the Skeletal System

The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...

Gross Anatomy of Bone

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy

Published on: February 21, 2025

Explaining sarcoidosis of bone.

Dennis K Heffner¹

¹Department of Endocrine and Otolaryngic/Head and Neck Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20307-6000, USA. heffner@afip.osd.mil

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

|November 21, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Radiographic findings in bone sarcoidosis can mimic infection. This study clarifies that sarcoidosis is not an infection, preventing potential misdiagnosis and treatment errors in clinical practice.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy

Published on: February 21, 2025

Area of Science:

Medical imaging
Pathology
Rheumatology

Background:

Bone sarcoidosis presents radiographic features that can be mistaken for infectious etiologies.
Misinterpreting these findings can lead to incorrect clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

To explain the radiographic manifestations of bone sarcoidosis without invoking an infectious cause.
To emphasize the non-infectious nature of sarcoidosis for accurate clinical decision-making.

Main Methods:

Review of radiographic characteristics of bone sarcoidosis.
Differential diagnosis considerations between sarcoidosis and bone infections.

Main Results:

Radiographic findings of bone sarcoidosis can be pathognomonic and do not require an infectious explanation.
Understanding the distinct pathophysiology of sarcoidosis is key to correct interpretation.

Conclusions:

Sarcoidosis of bone is not an infectious disease.
Clinicians must recognize sarcoidosis as a non-infectious granulomatous condition to avoid inappropriate treatments.