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Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:

Pleura of the Lungs

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.

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Response to letter by Farioli <i>et al</i>.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice

Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice

Published on: December 21, 2019

Mesothelioma and asbestos.

Graham W Gibbs¹, Geoffrey Berry

¹Safety Health Environment International Consultants Corp., Alta., Canada. ggibbs@xplornet.com

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP

|November 21, 2007

Summary

Crocidolite asbestos poses the highest mesothelioma risk, while pure chrysotile shows minimal risk. Exposure measurements and fiber dimensions complicate risk estimates for various asbestos types.

Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Environmental Toxicology
Epidemiology

Background:

Mesothelioma is a serious cancer primarily linked to asbestos exposure.
Risk estimates for different asbestos fiber types vary significantly.
Accurate exposure assessment is crucial for understanding mesothelioma risks.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on mesothelioma risk estimates for various asbestos fiber types.
To identify factors contributing to uncertainty in these risk assessments.
To compare the relative mesothelioma risks associated with different commercial and non-commercial asbestos exposures.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and data on mesothelioma risk.
Analysis of exposure measurements and fiber characteristics.

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Generation and Expansion of Primary, Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Tumor Lines

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Orthotopic Implantation and Peripheral Immune Cell Monitoring in the II-45 Syngeneic Rat Mesothelioma Model

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Comparison of epidemiological data for different asbestos exposures.

Main Results:

Crocidolite asbestos presents the highest mesothelioma risk, with sodic tremolite (winchite) showing similar risks.
Mesothelioma risk in chrysotile miners is linked to asbestiform tremolite, not pure chrysotile.
A practical exposure threshold for mesothelioma risk appears to exist for chrysotile but not for amphibole asbestos minerals like crocidolite.

Conclusions:

Crocidolite and sodic tremolite are the most significant asbestos-related mesothelioma risks.
Pure chrysotile exposure is associated with very low mesothelioma risk.
Further research is needed to refine mesothelioma risk estimates, especially concerning exposure measurement and fiber dimensions.