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Inflammatory markers in stable heart failure and their relationship with functional class
Ignacio J Sánchez-Lázaro1, Luis Almenar, Edelmiro Reganon
1Avda. Ausias March 2, esc 2 pta 15. 46111, Rocafort, Valencia, Spain. igsanla@comv.es
International Journal of Cardiology
|November 21, 2007
Summary
Inflammation is elevated in chronic heart failure (HF), with markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen increasing. These inflammatory markers correlate with functional class (FC) but not ejection fraction (EF).
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Inflammation is a known factor in heart failure (HF).
- The relationship between inflammation, HF etiology, functional class (FC), and ejection fraction (EF) requires further clarification.
- Understanding these relationships can inform treatment strategies for HF patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare inflammatory marker levels in HF patients versus healthy controls.
- To investigate if inflammatory marker levels differ based on HF etiology.
- To determine the association between inflammatory markers, HF functional class (FC), and ejection fraction (EF).
Main Methods:
- Fifty-nine stable HF outpatients and 59 controls were analyzed.
- Measured inflammatory markers included protein fibrinogen, sialic acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).
- Echocardiography assessed EF, and NYHA classification determined FC.
Main Results:
- HF patients exhibited significantly higher levels of fibrinogen, sialic acid, and CRP compared to controls.
- No significant differences in inflammatory markers were observed across different HF etiologies.
- Elevated fibrinogen and TNF-alpha showed a positive association with higher HF functional class (FC), but not with reduced ejection fraction (EF).
Conclusions:
- Chronic heart failure (HF) is characterized by increased levels of certain inflammatory markers.
- These elevated inflammatory markers are associated with the patient's functional class (FC).
- Inflammatory marker levels in chronic HF do not correlate with ejection fraction (EF).
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