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Related Concept Videos

Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Dosage Compensation02:50

Dosage Compensation

In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with  distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

Overview
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Karyotype, ploidy, and gene dosage.

Jonathan Hodgkin1

  • 1Genetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. jah@bioch.ox.ac.uk

Wormbook : the Online Review of C. Elegans Biology
|November 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits significant tolerance to aneuploidy, with dosage-sensitive genes being rare. However, large autosomal hemizygous regions, exceeding 3% of the genome, compromise viability.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans possesses a standard karyotype of five autosome pairs and one sex chromosome pair.
  • Chromosomes exhibit distinct features and regional variations.
  • Understanding karyotype variations is crucial for C. elegans research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the normal karyotype of Caenorhabditis elegans.
  • To review chromosomal abnormalities and their effects.
  • To summarize the impact of ploidy and gene dosage variations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of karyotype abnormalities in C. elegans.
  • Analysis of ploidy and gene dosage effects.
  • Examination of chromosomal aberrations like duplications, deficiencies, inversions, translocations, and fusions.

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A High-Throughput In Situ Method for Estimation of Hepatocyte Nuclear Ploidy in Mice

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts
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Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts

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Main Results:

  • C. elegans tolerates substantial aneuploidy, indicating a low prevalence of dosage-sensitive genes.
  • Autosomal hemizygosity exceeding approximately 3% of the genome is lethal.
  • Various chromosomal rearrangements can occur, impacting organismal viability.

Conclusions:

  • Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrates remarkable resilience to aneuploidy.
  • Gene dosage sensitivity is limited in C. elegans.
  • Significant genomic imbalances, particularly autosomal hemizygosity, are incompatible with life.