Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
Published on: June 5, 2016
Eating less than required versus eating less than desired. The criterion problem in the validity studies of
1Department of Clinical Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands. vanstrien@psych.ru.nl
Abstract:
Williamson et al. [(2007). Measurement of dietary restraint scales: validity tests of four questionnaires. Appetite, 48, 183-192] used (change) in energy balance as the criterion measure for their validity study on measures for dietary restraint. However, eating less than required for energy balance may not be the proper criterion for dietary restraint, because the concept of restrained eating has been specified to refer to eating less than desired.
Related Concept Videos
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Study Designs in Epidemiology
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies.
Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects
Self-Regulation
Confirmation Biases
Self-Schemas

