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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Genetic Lingo01:11

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
09:02

Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation

Published on: November 26, 2018

Familial CLL: genes and environment.

Lynn R Goldin1, Susan L Slager

  • 1Genetic Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, NCI, 6120 Executive Blvd. Rm 7008, MSC 7236, Bethesda, MD 20892-7236, USA. goldinl@mail.nih.gov

Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program
|November 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Genetic factors play a role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) risk, as evidenced by familial aggregation. Further genomic studies are needed to identify specific susceptibility genes for this rare B-cell tumor.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibits familial aggregation, suggesting a genetic component.
  • Environmental factors' role in CLL risk is inconsistent across studies.
  • International variations in CLL rates and lower rates in Asian migrants support genetic influence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for genetic and environmental risk factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
  • To discuss the implications of familial aggregation and genomic studies in CLL etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies, including case-control and cohort studies.
  • Analysis of familial aggregation data for CLL and related B-cell malignancies.
  • Summary of findings from linkage and association studies investigating CLL susceptibility loci and genes.

Main Results:

  • Familial aggregation of CLL and related conditions (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma) is significant.
  • Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis also aggregates in families with CLL.
  • No specific gene mutations have been identified through linkage studies; candidate gene associations require further validation.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors appear to contribute to CLL susceptibility, although specific genes remain elusive.
  • Large-scale genomic studies are crucial for identifying CLL susceptibility genes and understanding etiologic pathways.
  • Familial CLL shares prognostic markers and clinical outcomes with sporadic CLL.