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Updated: Jul 10, 2026
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Sleep disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea in the cleft population
Harlan Muntz1, Matthew Wilson, Albert Park
1Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. harlan.muntz@intermountainmail.org
The Laryngoscope
|November 21, 2007
Summary
Children with cleft deformities frequently experience sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Interventions improve SDB symptoms, but many children still have significant sleep apnea, indicating a need for more frequent polysomnograms (PSG).
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Otolaryngology
- Sleep Medicine
- Craniofacial Surgery
Background:
- Children with cleft deformities are prone to multilevel airway obstruction.
- The prevalence and management of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in this population are not well-documented.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of SDB in children with cleft deformities.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for SDB in this cohort.
Main Methods:
- A three-year retrospective chart review of children treated by a tertiary cleft and craniofacial team.
- Analysis of sleep disordered breathing symptoms and polysomnographic (PSG) data using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis.
Main Results:
- 22% of 539 children exhibited SDB symptoms; syndromic children had higher incidence.
- Of those undergoing PSG, most had abnormal respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI).
- Interventions led to statistically significant improvements in RDI and OAHI, though many patients remained affected; periodic leg motion syndrome was also common.
Conclusions:
- Sleep disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are highly prevalent in children with cleft deformities.
- While interventions show statistical improvement, they do not always cure OSA, suggesting underdiagnosis and undertreatment.
- Increased utilization of PSG, including post-intervention studies, is recommended for this population.
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