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Related Concept Videos

Actuarial Approach01:20

Actuarial Approach

The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management01:29

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management

Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Life Tables01:22

Life Tables

A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
Hazard Rate01:11

Hazard Rate

The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...
Methods of Documentation VI: Case Management Model01:15

Methods of Documentation VI: Case Management Model

The case management model is a multidisciplinary approach that involves healthcare professionals from diverse disciplines, such as physicians, nurses, therapists, social workers, and pharmacists, working collaboratively to address the various needs of patients. Each healthcare professional brings unique expertise and perspectives, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition and tailoring treatment plans accordingly.
For example, a patient with a chronic illness...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Mortality rate in veterans with multiple chronic conditions.

Todd A Lee1, Alexandra E Shields, Christine Vogeli

  • 1Center for Management of Complex Chronic Care, Hines VA Hospital, P. O. Box 5000, (151-H), Hines, IL, 60141, USA. todd.lee@va.gov

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|December 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Patients with multiple chronic conditions face higher mortality rates. Specific disease combinations significantly impact survival, highlighting the need for personalized risk assessment beyond just the number of illnesses.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Multiple chronic conditions (MCC) are prevalent in aging populations, presenting complex health challenges.
  • While the burden of MCC is known, mortality risks associated with specific disease combinations remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the 5-year mortality rates associated with various combinations of 11 common chronic conditions.
  • To identify specific disease clusters that confer the highest mortality risk in veteran populations.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study analyzed 741,847 U.S. veterans aged 55-64 using Veterans Health Administration data (1999-2000).
  • Patients were categorized by the presence of COPD, diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, asthma, depression, ischemic heart disease, dementia, stroke, and cancer.
  • Five-year mortality rates were calculated for individuals with zero to four or more of these conditions.

Main Results:

  • Mortality increased with the number of chronic conditions, from 4.1% (none) to 16.7% (4+ conditions).
  • Significant variability in 5-year mortality rates was observed among patients with the same number of coexisting conditions.
  • Specific combinations of diseases demonstrated distinct mortality risks, underscoring disease interplay.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple chronic conditions are independently associated with increased mortality risk.
  • The specific combination of diseases, not just the count, is a critical determinant of mortality.
  • Clinical assessment and research should consider the unique impact of disease clusters on patient outcomes.