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Barefoot-shod running differences: shoe or mass effect?

C Divert1, G Mornieux, P Freychat

  • 1LAMIH, Université de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France. caroline.divert@univ-valenciennes.fr

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|November 21, 2007
PubMed
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Running in shoes increases oxygen consumption due to added mass, not the shoe itself. Shoes alter running mechanics, reducing elastic energy storage and net efficiency compared to barefoot running.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Higher oxygen consumption in shod running is often attributed to shoe mass.
  • However, shoes may also alter running biomechanics, influencing energetic costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the effects of added mass versus the shoe itself on running mechanics and energetics.
  • To investigate how shoes modify running patterns and their impact on efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve trained runners ran on a 3D treadmill ergometer at a constant speed (3.61 m/s).
  • Six conditions were tested: barefoot, socks (unloaded, 150g, 350g), and shoes (150g, 350g).
  • Oxygen consumption, stride frequency, impact forces, stiffness, and mechanical work were measured.

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Main Results:

  • Oxygen consumption was significantly affected by mass but not by the shoe condition itself.
  • Barefoot running showed higher stride frequency, anterior-posterior impulse, vertical and leg stiffness, and mechanical work compared to shod running.
  • Net efficiency decreased in the shod condition, indicating altered metabolic and mechanical components.

Conclusions:

  • The primary effect of shoes on running energetics is through added mass, not the shoe material or structure.
  • Shoes attenuate foot-ground impact, which may reduce the storage and restitution of elastic energy, leading to lower net efficiency.
  • Running biomechanics are significantly altered by footwear, impacting overall running economy.