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Related Concept Videos

Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
Halogens03:01

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Cation and Anion01:18

π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Cation and Anion

An allyl group is a three-carbon conjugated system where the sp³-hybridized allylic carbon is bonded to a CH=CH2 group via a single bond. Allyl anions can be obtained by treating propene with a strong base that can deprotonate methyl groups. Allyl cations are formed as intermediates during substitution reactions involving allylic halides. In both cases, the hybridization of the allylic carbon changes from sp3 to sp2, giving rise to a carbon chain with three sp2-hybridized carbons, each with an...
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation02:35

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br or I) to alkenes forms alkyl halides as per Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen gets added to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. Hydrohalogenation of alkynes takes place in a similar manner, with the first addition of HX forming a vinyl halide and the second giving a geminal dihalide.
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation02:38

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Ionic liquids with perfluorinated alkoxyaluminates.

Tudor Timofte1, Slawomir Pitula, Anja-Verena Mudring

  • 1Anorganische Chemie I, Festkörperchemie und Materialien, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801, Bochum, Germany.

Inorganic Chemistry
|November 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New ionic liquids featuring perfluoroalkoxyaluminate anions were synthesized. These novel ionic liquids exhibit low viscosity and a wide electrochemical window, suggesting potential applications in various fields.

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia
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Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Published on: October 10, 2013

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Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia
12:05

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Published on: October 10, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Ionic Liquids

Background:

  • Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at ambient temperatures, offering unique solvent properties.
  • Perfluoroalkoxyaluminate anions are weakly coordinating and can impart desirable characteristics to ionic liquids.
  • Traditional ionic liquids often face limitations in viscosity and electrochemical stability for certain applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel ionic liquids incorporating perfluoroalkoxyaluminate anions.
  • To investigate the physicochemical properties, specifically viscosity and electrochemical window, of these new ionic liquids.
  • To assess the potential utility of these ionic liquids in demanding applications.

Main Methods:

  • Metathesis reaction between lithium perfluoroalkoxyaluminate (LiAl(ORF)4) and imidazolium (e.g., [bmim]Cl) or pyrrolidinium (e.g., [bmpyr]Cl) chlorides.
  • Characterization of the synthesized ionic liquids, including viscosity measurements at elevated temperatures (60°C).
  • Determination of the electrochemical window of the ionic liquids.

Main Results:

  • High yields of ionic liquids containing the [Al(ORF)4]- anion were achieved.
  • The synthesized ionic liquids, specifically [bmim][Al(hfip)4] and [bmpyr][Al(hfip)4], demonstrated surprisingly low viscosities at 60°C.
  • These ionic liquids possess an exceptionally high electrochemical window.

Conclusions:

  • The metathesis reaction is an effective route for synthesizing ionic liquids with perfluoroalkoxyaluminate anions.
  • The resulting ionic liquids exhibit favorable properties, including low viscosity and high electrochemical stability.
  • These characteristics suggest promising applications for these novel ionic liquids in areas requiring stable electrolytes or specialized solvents.