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Pain

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...

Analgesia and Pain Management

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

Nociception

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants can be further divided into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Characteristics of Pain Changes in Rats with Nerve Injury Within 24 hours After One-Time Tuina Intervention

Characteristics of Pain Changes in Rats with Nerve Injury Within 24 hours After One-Time Tuina Intervention

Published on: January 26, 2024

[Pain relief].

Lena E Lundorff¹, Niels-Henrik Jensen

¹Regionshospitalet Herning, Palliativt Team, Herning. heclun@ringamt.dk

Ugeskrift for Laeger

|November 22, 2007

Summary

Managing pain in palliative care patients requires careful analysis and monitoring. Challenges include neuropathic pain, breakthrough pain, and opioid toxicity, often necessitating opioid rotation for effective pain management.

Area of Science:

Palliative Care Medicine
Pain Management
Pharmacology

Context:

Palliative care patients experience multifaceted pain.
Pharmacological treatment requires initial pain assessment.
Neuropathic and breakthrough pain present common challenges.

Purpose:

To discuss typical pain treatment problems in palliative care.
To highlight issues related to opioid toxicity and central nervous system sensitization.
To emphasize the importance of opioid rotation.

Summary:

Pain management in palliative care is complex, involving various dimensions.
Opioid-induced issues like acute tolerance and central nervous system sensitization can increase pain.
Opioid rotation is a key strategy for managing opioid-related problems.

More Related Videos

Analgesic Effect of Tuina on Rat Models with Compression of the Dorsal Root Ganglion Pain

Analgesic Effect of Tuina on Rat Models with Compression of the Dorsal Root Ganglion Pain

Published on: July 14, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Characteristics of Pain Changes in Rats with Nerve Injury Within 24 hours After One-Time Tuina Intervention

Characteristics of Pain Changes in Rats with Nerve Injury Within 24 hours After One-Time Tuina Intervention

Published on: January 26, 2024

Analgesic Effect of Tuina on Rat Models with Compression of the Dorsal Root Ganglion Pain

Analgesic Effect of Tuina on Rat Models with Compression of the Dorsal Root Ganglion Pain

Published on: July 14, 2023

Impact:

Provides insights into optimizing pain management strategies for palliative patients.
Addresses critical challenges in treating complex pain syndromes.
Recommends continuous monitoring due to the dynamic nature of pain.