Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Combining modules for movement.

E Bizzi1, V C K Cheung, A d'Avella

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technolgy 46-6189, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ebizzi@mit.edu

Brain Research Reviews
|November 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recurrent pericarditis in children: Clinical and therapeutic differences from adults.

International journal of cardiology·2026
Same author

Depemokimab and the twice-yearly regimen: pharmacological implications and therapeutic positioning in severe eosinophilic respiratory diseases.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Fetal-hope study: Home monitoring of fetal heart rate in SSA + pregnant women: Rationale and design.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology·2024
Same author

Improved limit on the branching fraction of the rare decay <math> </math>.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2020
Same author

Updated search for long-lived particles decaying to jet pairs.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2020
Same author

Study of charmonium production in <math></math> -hadron decays and first evidence for the decay <math> </math>.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2020
Same journal

Proceedings of a symposium: Camillo Golgi and Modern Neuroscience, September 29-October 1, 2009, Pavia, Italy.

Brain research reviews·2011
Same journal

The role of α oscillations in temporal attention.

Brain research reviews·2011
Same journal

Late-life depression and Alzheimer's disease: the glutamatergic system inside of this mirror relationship.

Brain research reviews·2011
Same journal

Friedreich's ataxia: past, present and future.

Brain research reviews·2011
Same journal

Cellular and molecular insights into neuropathy-induced pain hypersensitivity for mechanism-based treatment approaches.

Brain research reviews·2011
Same journal

Rabs, SNAREs and α-synuclein--membrane trafficking defects in synucleinopathies.

Brain research reviews·2011
See all related articles

The vertebrate motor system uses basic motor output units to create complex movements. Evidence suggests the spinal cord has a modular organization, simplifying movement production.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Spinal Cord Physiology

Background:

  • The vertebrate motor system's control mechanisms are complex.
  • Understanding how the nervous system generates coordinated movements is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental evidence supporting a modular hypothesis of motor output.
  • To present findings on the spinal cord's functional organization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experiments utilizing spinal cord microstimulation.
  • Analysis of NMDA iontophoresis studies.
  • Examination of natural behaviors in intact and deafferented animal models.

Main Results:

  • Experimental data support the hypothesis that movements are generated by combining basic motor output units.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evidence indicates a modular organization within the spinal cord.
  • A motor module is defined as a functional unit producing specific muscle activation patterns.

    • Conclusions:

    • The spinal cord exhibits a modular organization, simplifying motor control.
    • This modular structure reduces the degrees of freedom requiring neural specification for movement.
    • The findings contribute to understanding the neural basis of motor production.