Acid-base balance of the domestic turkey during thermal panting

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of thermal panting in domestic turkeys on arterial blood values for the acid-base variables, pH(a), bicarbonate concentration ([HCO(-) (3)](a)), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P(a)CO(2)), and hemoglobin concentration [Hb]. In addition, body temperature and partial pressure of oxygen (P(a)O(2)) were measured to determine the effectiveness of panting in their control. Nine adult (23 wk) broad-breasted white turkey toms, all from the same hatch and reared contemporaneously in the same facility, were acclimated to room conditions of 19 degrees C and 65% RH. After a 1-wk control period, a 3-wk heat-stress period (32 degrees C, 65% RH) was induced, for a heat-stress group of 9 turkeys. Thermal panting began at this time and continued to its end. A 1-wk recovery period followed (19 degrees C, 65% RH) during which panting ceased. An age-matched group of 8 turkeys was similarly acclimated (19 degrees C, 65% RH) but was continued at this level to the end of the experiment. During the heat-stress period, the bicarbonate concentration increased, whereas pH(a) and P(a)CO(2) did not change significantly. Body temperature changes were not significant. Parabronchial ventilation was not compromised by panting, as noted by a significant increase in P(a)O(2). Hemoglobin concentration decreases were significant. The only significant change that occurred for the age-matched group was an increase in [Hb]. Domestic turkeys, reared in confinement, have the ability to resist changes in blood pH and prevent the development of respiratory alkalosis while panting in response to thermal stress. Normal body temperature and oxygenation of the blood are also maintained.