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Cortical microstimulation thresholds adjacent to sensorimotor cortex injury.

M G Boyeson1, D M Feeney, W G Dail

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin.

Journal of Neurotrauma
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Cortical injury initially impairs motor function, but recovery is not explained by adjacent cortex reorganization. Transient shock in intact sensorimotor cortex (SM cortex) may contribute to behavioral recovery after brain injury.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology
  • Motor Cortex Research

Background:

  • Unilateral sensorimotor (SM) cortex damage causes initial contralateral motor impairment.
  • Recovery mechanisms include adjacent cortex reorganization or dissipation of transient cortical shock (diaschisis).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of behavioral recovery after SM cortex injury in adult rats.
  • To test hypotheses of cortical reorganization versus diaschisis in functional recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Adult rats with undercut laceration, contusion, or suction ablation of SM cortex were studied.
  • Microstimulation was used to map motor responses near injury sites at various times post-injury.
  • Cortical stimulation maps were compared to uninjured controls and the contralateral hemisphere.

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Main Results:

  • No evidence of motor response reorganization in the injured hemisphere, even up to 475 days post-injury.
  • Transient elevation of movement-evocation thresholds in intact cortex distant from contusion/laceration injuries (resolving by 9-15 days).
  • Ablation injuries showed no threshold changes near the cavity, suggesting threshold changes are uncorrelated with functional recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical reorganization does not appear to be the primary mechanism for motor functional recovery after SM cortex injury.
  • Transient diaschisis or other unexamined mechanisms may underlie behavioral recovery.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise pathways for motor function recovery post-brain injury.