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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
09:01

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

Covert genetic selections to optimize phenotypes.

Di Wu1, Elizabeth Townsley, Alan Michael Tartakoff

  • 1Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Plos One
|November 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method, single promoting/inhibiting target identification (SPI), to find key molecular targets affecting cell growth. SPI helps prioritize genetic targets impacting cellular phenotypes in complex systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Identifying critical regulatory components in complex biological systems is challenging.
  • Established genetic methods have limitations in analyzing cellular phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for identifying and prioritizing molecular targets that influence cellular phenotypes.
  • To gain functional insights into cellular phenotype stability and target importance.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the single promoting/inhibiting target identification (SPI) procedure.
  • Monitored the abundance of ectopic cDNAs in complex pools of S. cerevisiae transformants.
  • Quantitated the evolution of the cDNA spectrum to identify growth regulators.

Main Results:

  • SPI identified translation initiation and ER-Golgi traffic as crucial for yeast growth.
  • The method provides a functional "synthetic genetic signature" for cellular states.
  • SPI establishes a hierarchy of target importance for modifying phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • SPI offers a powerful alternative to established genetic approaches for analyzing cellular phenotypes.
  • This method can be extended to various cell types for biological and clinical research.
  • SPI provides functional insights into phenotype stability and target prioritization.