[Morphology and diagnostics of superficial and invasive candidiasis. The pathologist's point of view]

Adherence to the epithelial surface and tissue invasion represent the major steps in the pathogenesis of candida infection. Grossly, localized (superficial) candidiasis shows well circumscribed white patches, whereas invasive (systemic) candidiasis is characterized by abscess formation. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells accompany filamentous and yeast forms of Candida sp. in localized infection. Fungal abscesses demonstrate central necrosis, surrounded by a dense suppurative infiltrate. A granulomatous response may be observed. To identify the infectious agents, a combined cytologic and histopathological approach is recommended.