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Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

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Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

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Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

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Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Influenza Vaccines in Chimeric Mouse Models to Study Mucosal Immunity

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Published on: June 25, 2015

Liposomal influenza vaccine.

K J Holm¹, K L Goa

¹Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

Biodrugs : Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy

|November 23, 2007

Summary

This novel liposomal influenza vaccine demonstrates superior immunogenicity and seroprotection compared to traditional vaccines in various age groups. It offers a promising alternative for influenza prevention with a favorable safety profile.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Lipid-based drug delivery systems

Background:

Influenza remains a significant global health concern, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
Traditional influenza vaccines include subunit and whole virus formulations.
Liposomal vaccine technology offers a potential platform for enhanced immunogenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the immunogenicity and seroprotection of a trivalent liposomal influenza vaccine.
To compare the efficacy of the liposomal vaccine against subunit and whole virus influenza vaccines.
To assess the safety and tolerability of the liposomal influenza vaccine in diverse populations.

Main Methods:

Development of a trivalent liposomal influenza vaccine containing purified hemagglutinin.

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Clinical trials involving elderly individuals, younger adults, and children (with and without cystic fibrosis).

Assessment of seroconversion and seroprotection rates, and evaluation of local adverse reactions.

Main Results:

The liposomal vaccine showed significantly higher seroconversion rates compared to subunit and whole virus vaccines across multiple strains.
Significantly better seroprotection rates were observed with the liposomal vaccine versus subunit and whole virus vaccines.
The vaccine was immunogenic in all tested age groups, including those with cystic fibrosis.
Local adverse reactions were generally mild and transient; no significant antiphospholipid antibody response was detected.

Conclusions:

The trivalent liposomal influenza vaccine is immunogenic and provides enhanced seroprotection compared to conventional influenza vaccines.
This liposomal formulation represents a safe and effective option for influenza immunization across a broad age spectrum.
Further research may explore optimal dosing strategies, such as single-dose efficacy in pediatric populations.