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Geriatric Pain Measure short form: development and initial evaluation.

Eva Blozik1, Andreas E Stuck, Steffen Niemann

  • 1Department of Geriatrics and Institute of Scoial and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|November 23, 2007
PubMed
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A new 12-item Geriatric Pain Measure (GPM-12) was developed and validated for older adults. This short form effectively assesses pain intensity, ambulation pain, and pain-related disengagement in community-dwelling populations.

Area of Science:

  • Geriatric medicine
  • Pain assessment
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Assessing pain in older adults is crucial for effective management.
  • The original 24-item Geriatric Pain Measure (GPM) is comprehensive but lengthy for some clinical settings.
  • A shorter, validated instrument is needed for community-dwelling older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a concise, 12-item version of the Geriatric Pain Measure (GPM-12).
  • To ensure the short form retains the multidimensional nature of pain assessment.
  • To evaluate the GPM-12's reliability and validity in diverse older adult populations.

Main Methods:

  • A 12-item Geriatric Pain Measure (GPM-12) was derived from the original 24-item GPM using item-to-total correlations.

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  • The GPM-12 was validated in a European sample (N=1,059) and an independent U.S. sample (N=50) of community-dwelling older adults.
  • Psychometric properties, including Cronbach's alpha and correlations with established pain measures, were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • The GPM-12 demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) and excellent correlation with the original GPM (r=0.98).
    • Correlations with the McGill Pain Questionnaire were comparable for both GPM-12 and the original GPM (r=0.63).
    • Exploratory factor analysis confirmed three subscales: pain intensity, pain with ambulation, and disengagement due to pain.

    Conclusions:

    • The 12-item Geriatric Pain Measure (GPM-12) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing pain in older adults.
    • The GPM-12 effectively captures the multidimensional aspects of pain despite its brevity.
    • This self-administered questionnaire can aid clinical pain assessment, management, and research in geriatric populations.