Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sex differences in intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society·2020
Same author

Timing of procedural stroke and death in asymptomatic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: individual patient analysis from four RCTs.

The British journal of surgery·2020
Same author

Gadolinium Enhancement of the Aneurysm Wall in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Aneurysm Instability: A Follow-Up Study.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2019
Same author

Genetic determinants of activity and antigen levels of contact system factors.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2018
Same author

Effect of magnesium on cognition after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in a randomized trial.

European journal of neurology·2018
Same author

Chronic kidney disease and bleeding risk in patients at high cardiovascular risk: a cohort study.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
08:44

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

Published on: October 17, 2025

Cognitive impairment in tuberous sclerosis complex is a multifactorial condition.

F E Jansen1, K L Vincken, A Algra

  • 1Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child Neurology, University Medical Centre, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. f.e.jansen@umcutrecht.nl

Neurology
|November 23, 2007
PubMed
Summary

In tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), tuber/brain proportion (TBP) better predicts cognitive function than tuber number. Earlier seizure onset is the key determinant of cognitive decline in TSC patients.

More Related Videos

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
07:43

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: May 12, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
08:44

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

Published on: October 17, 2025

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
07:43

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: May 12, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder with tubers in the brain.
  • Previous studies suggested links between tuber count, infantile spasms, and cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between tuber load, seizures, and cognitive function in TSC.
  • To determine if tuber/brain proportion (TBP) is a better predictor of outcomes than tuber number.

Main Methods:

  • 3D FLAIR MRI with automated segmentation to quantify tuber number and TBP.
  • Analysis of seizure history, EEG, and cognitive assessments (intelligence equivalent, cognition index).

Main Results:

  • Tuber/brain proportion (TBP) inversely correlated with age at seizure onset and cognitive measures.
  • Earlier seizure onset and infantile spasms were linked to lower cognitive function.
  • Multivariable analysis identified age at seizure onset and cognition index as significant factors.

Conclusions:

  • Tuber/brain proportion (TBP) is a more significant predictor of cognitive function in TSC than tuber number.
  • Age at seizure onset is the sole independent determinant of cognitive function.
  • Effective seizure control is crucial for neurointervention in TSC.