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Related Concept Videos

Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
09:29

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

[Polymyositis and cranial neuropathy].

C Crinquette1, J De Seze, C-A Maurage

  • 1Service de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille.

Revue Neurologique
|November 23, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Polymyositis rarely involves cranial nerves. This study presents three cases, highlighting potential links to Sjögren

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
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A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments
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A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments

Published on: November 9, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Polymyositis, an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, infrequently presents with cranial neuropathy.
  • Cranial nerve involvement in polymyositis necessitates thorough investigation for underlying systemic conditions.

Observation:

  • Three patients with polymyositis and cranial neuropathy (trigeminal or facial) were analyzed.
  • Clinical presentations included muscle weakness, myalgia, rhabdomyolysis, and characteristic muscle biopsy findings.
  • Two patients exhibited Sjögren's syndrome and anti-nuclear antibodies; one had anti-JO1 antibodies.

Findings:

  • Neuromyotonia secondary to a paraneoplastic syndrome was observed in one patient with facial diplegia and antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channels.
  • Treatment responses varied, with some patients improving with corticosteroids or immunoglobulin therapy.
  • The etiology of Sjögren's syndrome in two patients remained undetermined (primary vs. secondary).

Implications:

  • Cranial neuropathy in polymyositis patients warrants evaluation for paraneoplastic syndromes.
  • Association with connective tissue diseases, such as Sjögren's syndrome, should be considered.
  • Early recognition and investigation can guide appropriate management strategies for polymyositis with cranial nerve deficits.