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Related Concept Videos

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Current Growth And Decay In RL Circuits01:30

Current Growth And Decay In RL Circuits

The current growth and decay in RL circuits can be understood by considering a series RL circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor, a constant source of emf, and two switches. When the first switch is closed, the circuit is equivalent to a single-loop circuit consisting of a resistor and an inductor connected to a source of emf. In this case, the source of emf produces a current in the circuit. If there were no self-inductance in the circuit, the current would rise immediately to a steady...
Lossless Lines01:23

Lossless Lines

In electrical engineering, a lossless transmission line is characterized by a purely imaginary propagation constant and a resistive characteristic impedance. The ABCD parameters, which describe the relationship between the input and output voltages and currents, indicate an equivalent π circuit with an imaginary series impedance and a shunt admittance. This results in a transmission line that, when the product of the phase constant (beta) and the length of the line is less than pi, exhibits...
Lossy Lines and Overvoltages01:22

Lossy Lines and Overvoltages

Transmission-line series resistance and shunt conductance cause three primary effects: attenuation, distortion, and power losses.
Attenuation
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the copper windings...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
10:54

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

Polarization-state evolution in recirculating loops with polarization-dependent loss.

Brian S Marks, Yu Sun, Curtis R Menyuk

    Optics Letters
    |November 23, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We analyzed how signal polarization changes in a loop with polarization-dependent loss. Experimental results align with our analysis, clarifying the link between polarization evolution and signal quality (Q factor).

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    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
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    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

    Published on: February 28, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Signal Processing
    • Physics

    Background:

    • Polarization-dependent loss (PDL) significantly impacts optical signal integrity.
    • Understanding polarization state evolution is crucial for high-performance optical communication systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the dynamics of polarization state evolution in a recirculating loop.
    • To investigate the influence of polarization-dependent loss on signal polarization.
    • To establish the relationship between polarization evolution and the Q factor.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of polarization state evolution in a recirculating fiber loop.
    • Experimental setup simulating recirculating loop conditions with controlled PDL.
    • Measurement and comparison of experimental polarization evolution with theoretical predictions.

    Main Results:

    • The study demonstrates qualitative agreement between theoretical analysis and experimental observations of polarization state evolution.
    • Identified key parameters influencing polarization drift in the presence of PDL.
    • Established a correlation between the observed polarization dynamics and the signal's Q factor.

    Conclusions:

    • The theoretical model accurately predicts polarization state evolution in recirculating loops with PDL.
    • Polarization-dependent loss is a critical factor affecting signal quality.
    • The findings provide insights for mitigating polarization-induced signal degradation in optical systems.