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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues
07:50

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues

Published on: January 7, 2019

Mechanical valve endocarditis caused by Gemella morbillorum.

Ghanem Al-Hujailan1, Philippe Lagacé-Wiens1

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba and Health Sciences Centre, 5th Floor Basic Medical Sciences Building, 730 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada.

Journal of Medical Microbiology
|November 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Prosthetic valve endocarditis from rare bacteria like Gemella morbillorum poses treatment challenges. This case highlights successful management and reviews literature for similar prosthetic valve endocarditis infections.

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Isolation of Murine Valve Endothelial Cells
09:34

Isolation of Murine Valve Endothelial Cells

Published on: August 21, 2014

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues
07:50

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues

Published on: January 7, 2019

Isolation of Murine Valve Endothelial Cells
09:34

Isolation of Murine Valve Endothelial Cells

Published on: August 21, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis (>12 months post-op) typically involves common pathogens.
  • Unusual bacterial causes of prosthetic valve endocarditis present diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.
  • Established criteria for managing prosthetic valve endocarditis from rare pathogens are lacking.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Gemella morbillorum.
  • This represents an unusual bacterial pathogen in the context of prosthetic valve endocarditis.
  • The infection occurred more than 12 months after valve replacement surgery.

Findings:

  • Successful treatment of Gemella morbillorum prosthetic valve endocarditis was achieved.
  • A comprehensive review of the relevant medical literature was conducted.
  • The case and literature review provide insights into managing rare prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of treating prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by uncommon bacteria.
  • It offers a potential therapeutic approach for similar challenging prosthetic valve endocarditis cases.
  • Further research is needed to establish definitive management guidelines for rare prosthetic valve endocarditis.