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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and solid...

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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery

Published on: August 17, 2022

Imaging of sacral tumours.

S Gerber¹, L Ollivier, J Leclère

¹Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France. sophie.gerber@curie.net

Skeletal Radiology

|November 24, 2007

Summary

Sacral tumors, including metastases and primary bone or nerve tumors, often present with minor symptoms. Imaging like CT and MRI aids in diagnosis and treatment planning for these rare conditions.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Radiology
Pathology

Background:

The sacrum can develop various benign and malignant tumors from its diverse components.
Metastatic bone disease and hematologic malignancies are the most common causes of sacral tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the main tumors affecting the sacrum.
To compare the roles of conventional radiology, CT, and MRI in diagnosing sacral tumors.
To discuss the impact of imaging on treatment and follow-up.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on sacral tumors.
Comparison of imaging modalities (radiology, CT, MRI) with histological findings.
Analysis of clinical presentation and diagnostic impact.

Main Results:

Common etiologies include bone metastases, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
Chordoma and giant cell tumor show a predilection for the sacrum.
Clinical signs are often subtle, related to nerve root or pelvic organ compression.

Conclusions:

Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment decisions, and follow-up of sacral tumors.
Understanding the histological features and imaging characteristics is vital for effective management.