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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Saccades during symmetrical vergence.

Olivier A Coubard1, Zoï Kapoula

  • 1ERT TREAT Vision, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR 5105 CNRS-Université Pierre Mendès France, 1251, avenue Centrale, 38040, Grenoble, France. olivier.coubard@upmf-grenoble.fr

Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|November 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Small eye movements called saccades occur during vergence. This study found saccades do not trigger vergence and are not mediated by prefrontal cortex control.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Saccades frequently occur during symmetrical eye vergence (convergence/divergence).
  • Previous research suggested prefrontal cortex involvement in vergence control via saccades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Characterize saccades during symmetrical vergence.
  • Analyze the timing of saccades relative to vergence.
  • Investigate if saccades mediate prefrontal control of vergence.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Recorded horizontal saccades during vergence in 10 participants using infrared tracking.
  • Assessed prefrontal cortex contribution using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
  • Experiment 2: Recorded horizontal and vertical saccades during vergence in 2 participants using video-based tracking.

Main Results:

  • Saccades occurred in 84% of trials (Experiment 1) and 60-72% of trials (Experiment 2), with varying amplitudes and latencies.
  • An individual directional bias in saccade rate and latency was observed.
  • Prefrontal TMS did not affect saccade parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The timing of saccades suggests they do not initiate vergence.
  • Prefrontal control of vergence is not mediated by saccades.