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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Influenza Vaccines in Chimeric Mouse Models to Study Mucosal Immunity
10:39

Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Influenza Vaccines in Chimeric Mouse Models to Study Mucosal Immunity

Published on: June 25, 2015

Adjuvanted influenza vaccine.

M Dooley1, K L Goa

  • 1Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

Biodrugs : Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy
|November 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This adjuvanted influenza vaccine, using MF59, shows enhanced immunogenicity and longer-lasting protection in elderly individuals compared to non-adjuvanted vaccines. It also demonstrated greater effectiveness against varied strains with generally mild side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Influenza vaccines are crucial for preventing seasonal and pandemic influenza.
  • Adjuvanted vaccines, like those with MF59 emulsion, aim to enhance immune responses.
  • Assessing the immunogenicity and effectiveness of adjuvanted influenza vaccines is vital, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and effectiveness of an adjuvanted influenza vaccine (MF59-adjuvanted) compared to non-adjuvanted vaccines.
  • To assess the duration of immune response and protection against heterovariant strains in elderly vaccinees.
  • To analyze the safety profile, including systemic and local adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved elderly vaccinees and younger adults receiving 1 to 3 annual injections of the adjuvanted influenza vaccine.

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  • Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring antibody responses against influenza strains.
  • Effectiveness was evaluated by comparing seroprotection rates and responses to antigenically different strains with non-adjuvanted vaccines (subunit, split virus, virosomal).

    • Main Results:

    • The adjuvanted vaccine demonstrated superior immunogenicity compared to non-adjuvanted subunit, split virus, and virosomal vaccines for 1-3 strains per injection.
    • Enhanced and longer-lasting immunogenic effects were observed in elderly recipients compared to non-adjuvanted subunit vaccines.
    • Significantly greater 28-day seroprotection rates were achieved with the adjuvanted vaccine, and it showed greater effectiveness against heterovariant strains in the elderly.

    Conclusions:

    • The MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine is immunogenic and provides enhanced, durable protection in elderly individuals.
    • It offers improved effectiveness against drifted influenza strains compared to non-adjuvanted vaccines.
    • While local reactions were more frequent, they were mild and transient, indicating a favorable safety profile.