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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Lipid peroxidation in stroke patients.

Gianna Ferretti¹, Tiziana Bacchetti, Simona Masciangelo

¹Istituto di Biochimica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

|November 24, 2007

Summary

Stroke patients exhibit lower paraoxonase activity and higher lipid hydroperoxides, indicating impaired antioxidant defense. These findings highlight oxidative stress

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Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Neuroscience
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Paraoxonase (an HDL-associated enzyme) contributes to HDL's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions.
Oxidative stress from free radicals is increasingly linked to neuronal damage during ischemia-reperfusion events.
This study investigates the connection between oxidative damage to lipoproteins and stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare paraoxonase activity and lipid hydroperoxide levels in stroke patients versus healthy controls.
To assess correlations between these biochemical markers and stroke severity using the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS).

Main Methods:

Plasma paraoxonase activity and lipid hydroperoxide levels were measured.
Samples were analyzed from 49 stroke patients and 50 healthy subjects.
Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate correlations with NIHSS scores.

Main Results:

Stroke patients showed significantly lower paraoxonase activity (p<0.001) compared to controls.
Plasma lipid hydroperoxide levels were significantly higher in stroke patients (p<0.001).
Significant correlations were found between paraoxonase activity, lipid peroxidation, and neurological deficit severity.

Conclusions:

Results support the role of oxidative stress and a compromised antioxidant system in stroke pathogenesis.
Reduced plasma antioxidant activity may increase susceptibility to stroke-related neurological damage.