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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...

Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
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Thermosensation

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

Published on: January 27, 2010

Skin temperature after interscalene brachial plexus blockade.

Henning Hermanns¹, Sebastian Braun, Robert Werdehausen

¹Department of Anesthesiology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine

|November 24, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Skin temperature increase after interscalene brachial plexus block is a late indicator of success, particularly in distal areas. This temperature change is not a reliable predictor for axillary and musculocutaneous nerve blocks.

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Published on: January 22, 2012

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Regional Anesthesia
Nerve Blockade

Background:

Skin temperature increase is an early sign of successful neuraxial anesthesia.
In contrast, for lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks, increased skin temperature is a late but sensitive indicator.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if skin temperature rise after interscalene brachial plexus block follows sensory impairment, similar to lower extremity blocks.
To determine the clinical utility of skin temperature assessment for predicting interscalene brachial plexus block success.

Main Methods:

Prospective evaluation of 45 patients undergoing interscalene brachial plexus blockade for shoulder surgery.
Assessment of pinprick/cold sensation and skin temperature in areas innervated by median, ulnar, radial, axillary, and musculocutaneous nerves.

Main Results:

Distal nerve territories (median, ulnar, radial) showed significant skin temperature increase (1.9–2.1°C) post-blockade.
No significant temperature increase was observed in axillary or musculocutaneous nerve territories.
Sensory attenuation preceded or coincided with temperature rise in most distal blocks (91.5%).

Conclusions:

Skin temperature assessment is unreliable for predicting interscalene brachial plexus block success in axillary/musculocutaneous territories.
Distal temperature increase is sensitive but occurs after sensory/motor function loss, limiting its clinical value.
Measurement of skin temperature during interscalene blockade has limited predictive value.