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Force and momentum are intimately related. Force acting over time can change momentum, and Newton's second law of motion can be stated in its most broadly applicable form in terms of momentum. Momentum can be applied to systems where the mass is changing, such as rockets, as well as to systems of constant mass. Also, momentum continues to be a key concept in the study of atomic and subatomic particles in quantum mechanics. One can consider systems with varying mass in some detail; however, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy
02:43

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy

Published on: April 4, 2025

The relationship between strength, power and ballistic performance.

N Wrbaskić1, J J Dowling

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology
|November 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stronger muscles do not necessarily mean faster movements. Peak power, not peak torque, best predicts limb speed, indicating that timing plays a crucial role in movement velocity.

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Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
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Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
07:30

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Understanding the relationship between muscular strength and movement speed is crucial for optimizing athletic performance and rehabilitation.
  • Previous research has explored the correlation between isometric strength and dynamic movement capabilities, with varying results.
  • Investigating the kinetic and kinematic variables that influence limb velocity is essential for a comprehensive understanding of human motor control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if greater elbow strength directly correlates with faster movement velocity.
  • To identify the most significant kinetic predictors of peak limb velocity.
  • To explore the influence of torque development patterns and timing on movement speed.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects were selected based on extreme quartiles of elbow strength and speed.
  • An apparatus allowing free rotation in the sagittal plane was used for isometric and dynamic trials.
  • Isometric trials were conducted at 60, 90, and 120 degrees of elbow extension.
  • Dynamic trials involved relative resistances (0-80%) and absolute resistances (1.1 kg, 2.2 kg).

Main Results:

  • A weak 1:1 relationship was found between strength and speed (r=0.498).
  • Normalized peak power was the strongest predictor of peak velocity (r ranging 0.793-0.918).
  • Similar velocities were achieved with varying peak torques, highlighting the importance of timing.
  • Torque development patterns aligned with established mechanical responses.

Conclusions:

  • Elbow strength alone is not a definitive predictor of movement speed.
  • Peak power is a more reliable indicator of limb velocity than peak torque.
  • Movement timing and torque development strategies significantly influence achieved velocities, independent of maximal strength.