Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 9, 2026
06:35
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
Published on: April 28, 2016
Capturing conceptual implicit memory: the time it takes to produce an association
Kathleen L Hourihan1, Coln M MacLeod
1Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. klhourih@watarts.uwaterloo.ca
Memory & Cognition
|November 24, 2007
Summary
This study introduces a refined conceptual implicit memory test. Findings show that how information is encoded significantly impacts memory recall, even without conscious recollection.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Memory Studies
Background:
- Conceptual implicit memory is memory that affects performance without conscious awareness.
- Previous measures may be contaminated by explicit retrieval, affecting accuracy.
- A more precise measure is needed to understand implicit memory processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an improved measure of conceptual implicit memory.
- To minimize the influence of explicit retrieval on the memory test.
- To investigate how encoding manipulations affect conceptual implicit memory.
Main Methods:
- A modified word association test was used.
- Participants free-associated to studied words; response time was measured.
- Encoding conditions varied (reading vs. generation, semantic vs. nonsemantic processing).
Main Results:
- Generated words led to faster associations than read words.
- Semantically processed words were associated with more quickly than nonsemantically processed words.
- The modified test showed sensitivity to encoding manipulations.
Conclusions:
- The improved test effectively measures conceptual implicit memory.
- Encoding depth and method influence implicit memory.
- This measure is comparable to explicit memory tests in its sensitivity to encoding effects.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Implicit Memories
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
One key aspect of implicit...
01:26Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
01:18Long-Term Memory
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
01:23Storage
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
01:21Association Areas of the Cortex
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
01:19Understanding Memory
Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...