Bone marrow necrosis complicating post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: resolution with rituximab

Bone marrow necrosis is a rare cause of bone marrow failure. Malignancy is the most frequent cause of bone marrow necrosis. Among malignancies, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounts for 10% of cases of bone marrow necrosis. Virtually all reported cases of NHL-associated bone marrow necrosis have developed in immunocompetent hosts. We report on a case of bone marrow necrosis complicating post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and resolving after rituximab monotherapy. This case report provides the first evidence of (i) bone marrow necrosis as a complication of PTLD; (ii) rapid resolution of NHL-associated bone marrow necrosis after rituximab treatment.