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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more similar...

Esophagus

Esophagus

The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...

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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Published on: September 11, 2018

Foreign bodies in the esophagus.

Dov Weissberg¹, Yael Refaely

¹Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Israel. dovw@post.tau.ac.il

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery

|November 27, 2007

Summary

Foreign bodies in the esophagus require prompt removal. Rigid esophagoscopy is a safe and effective method for extracting esophageal foreign bodies, minimizing complications and ensuring patient safety.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Otolaryngology
Thoracic Surgery

Background:

Esophageal foreign bodies account for one-third of gastrointestinal foreign body retentions.
Management strategies are dictated by the foreign body's location, shape, size, and impaction duration.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rigid esophagoscopy for esophageal foreign body extraction.
To analyze patient outcomes, complications, and hospital stay associated with esophageal foreign body management.

Main Methods:

Retrospective chart review of 32 patients treated for esophageal foreign bodies between 1971 and 2001.
Data collected included preoperative diagnosis, foreign body characteristics, retention duration, management approach, complications, and hospitalization length.

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Using the Endoscope for Endobronchial Ultrasound in the Esophagus

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

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Published on: September 11, 2018

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Main Results:

Thirty foreign bodies were successfully extracted using rigid esophagoscopy; two required thoracotomy.
One patient presented with esophageal perforation, and there was one complication (mucosal tear) and one mortality.

Conclusions:

Esophageal foreign body impaction is a critical issue, with perforations potentially leading to death.
Immediate extraction is crucial; rigid esophagoscopy is demonstrated as a safe and reliable method.
Rigid endoscopy is recommended as the primary tool for esophageal foreign body removal, and training in this technique is advised for surgeons.