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Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

Published on: April 30, 2026

The RNA continent.

Jun Yasuda¹, Yoshihide Hayashizaki

¹Functional RNA Research Program, Frontier Research System, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.

Advances in Cancer Research

|November 27, 2007

Summary

The mouse transcriptome is far larger than expected, revealing extensive noncoding RNAs and complex gene structures. This "RNA continent" discovery impacts our understanding of gene regulation and molecular biology, including cancer research.

Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Transcriptomics

Background:

Recent analyses of the mouse transcriptome reveal unexpected complexity.
The mouse genome is transcribed by RNA polymerase II to a greater extent than previously anticipated.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the current understanding of the mouse transcriptome, termed the "RNA continent."
To highlight the implications of these findings for molecular biology and cancer research.

Main Methods:

Analysis of mouse genomic sequences and RNA polymerase II transcripts.
Mapping of cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) tags to identify transcription start sites.
Classification of mammalian gene promoter shapes and assessment of their conservation between mouse and human.

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A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA

A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA

Published on: December 2, 2009

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

Published on: April 30, 2026

A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA

A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA

Published on: December 2, 2009

Main Results:

Mouse genomic sequences transcribed by RNA polymerase II are six times greater than previously estimated for human chromosomes.
Transcript-abundant regions ("transcription forests") comprise over half the genome, interspersed with scarce regions ("transcription deserts").
Discovery of partially overlapping antisense RNAs with coding mRNAs and transcripts bridging previously distinct genes.
Identification of four conserved mammalian gene promoter shapes, with many transcription start sites located in exonic regions, particularly the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR).
Over half of RNA polymerase II transcripts are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), suggesting significant functional roles, including regulation of gene expression by conserved microRNAs and other ncRNAs.

Conclusions:

The mouse transcriptome is a vast and complex "RNA continent" with profound implications for molecular biology.
The abundance and variety of ncRNAs suggest critical roles in cellular functions and mammalian development.
Further functional surveys of the RNA continent are essential, with significant potential impact on cancer research.