Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Prevalence of Peripheral Polyneuropathy Before and After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Obesity surgery·2021

Same author

Effect of Bariatric Surgery on High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol in Non-diabetic Patients with Severe Obesity.

Obesity surgery·2019

Same author

Polyneuropathy in Severely Obese Women Without Diabetes: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

Obesity surgery·2018

Same author

Peripheral polyneuropathy in severely obese patients with metabolic syndrome but without diabetes: Association with low HDL-cholesterol.

Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)·2017

Same author

Evaluation of Metabolic Syndrome in morbidly Obese Patients Submitted to Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: Comparison of the Results between Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Obesity surgery·2017

Same author

Baseline characteristics and risk factors for ulcer, amputation and severe neuropathy in diabetic foot at risk: the BRAZUPA study.

Diabetology & metabolic syndrome·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

New options in insulin therapy.

Helena Schmid¹

¹Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Fundação Faculdade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre (FFFCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. neurodiabetes@terra.com.br

Jornal De Pediatria

|December 6, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New insulin analogs offer modest benefits for children and adolescents with diabetes. These advanced insulin therapies help improve glycemic control and reduce hypoglycemia episodes, particularly nocturnal ones.

More Related Videos

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Pediatric Endocrinology
Metabolic Disorders
Pharmacotherapy

Background:

Diabetes mellitus management in pediatric populations presents unique challenges.
Variability in diet and physical activity complicates glycemic control in children.
Current treatment strategies aim to mimic physiological insulin secretion patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

To review emerging insulin therapy options for pediatric diabetes mellitus.
To compare new insulin analogs with existing treatment modalities.

Main Methods:

Literature search of PubMed using specific keywords related to insulin analogs in pediatric patients.
Inclusion of consensus documents from major diabetes associations.
Review focused on basal-bolus strategies and insulin delivery methods.

Main Results:

New insulin analogs show potential for improved metabolic control in children and adolescents.
Rapid-acting analogs may reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
Basal analogs appear effective in decreasing nocturnal hypoglycemia episodes.
Multiple daily injections and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion are increasingly utilized.

Conclusions:

Insulin analogs demonstrate benefits in treating type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pediatric patients.
While benefits may be modest, they contribute positively to metabolic and clinical outcomes.