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[Paralytic poliomyelitis in Russian Federation in 1998-2005]

O E Ivanova, T P Eremeeva, E V Leshchinskaia

    Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii I Immunobiologii
    |November 28, 2007
    PubMed

    Insights

    Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) occurred at low rates in the Russian Federation, primarily affecting infants and those with immune deficiencies. Most cases involved vaccine-derived polioviruses, predominantly type 3.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Epidemiology
    • Immunology

    Context:

    • Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in the Russian Federation from 1998-2005 registered 3,294 cases.
    • Of these, 93 presented with poliomyelitis symptoms, leading to 91 classified as vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP).

    Purpose:

    • To analyze the incidence, characteristics, and etiological agents of VAPP cases in the Russian Federation.
    • To assess the risk factors and demographic distribution of VAPP.

    Summary:

    • VAPP rates were low: 1 per 1.6 million oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) doses distributed. Infants under one year and individuals with immune defects were most affected.
    • Most VAPP cases (66 recipients, 25 contacts) were linked to vaccine-derived polioviruses, particularly type 3. A divergent type 1 poliovirus was identified in a contact VAPP case.
    • The mean interval between OPV administration and VAPP onset was 21 days, with most recipient cases occurring after the first OPV dose.

    Impact:

    • Findings highlight the risks associated with OPV, especially in vulnerable populations, and the importance of continued surveillance for VAPP.
    • The study demonstrates the potential for vaccine-derived polioviruses to cause VAPP and underscores the immune system's capacity to generate neutralizing antibodies even in immunodeficient individuals.

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