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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...

Autonomic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...

Parasympathetic Division of the ANS

Parasympathetic Division of the ANS

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates rest and digestion functions in the body. It works in opposition to the sympathetic division, promoting relaxation, conservation of energy, and digestion. The parasympathetic division consists of preganglionic fibers originating from specific cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) and the sacral spinal nerves (S2-S4). These fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons in the terminal ganglia, innervating various organs and...

The Sympathetic Nervous System

The Sympathetic Nervous System

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview

The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

[The autonomic nervous system function in benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Piotr J Thor¹, Marcel Mazur, Agata Furgała

¹Katedra Patofizologii Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagielloriskiego, Kraków. mfthor@cyfr-kr.edu.pl

Folia Medica Cracoviensia

|November 28, 2007

Summary

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) overactivity may contribute to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study found sympathetic overactivity and reduced parasympathetic response in men with BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Area of Science:

Urology
Cardiology
Physiology

Context:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men, causing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), regulating involuntary bodily functions, is increasingly implicated in the multifactorial pathogenesis of BPH.
Understanding the ANS role may reveal new therapeutic targets for BPH and LUTS management.

Purpose:

To investigate the association between autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men experiencing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
To assess ANS function using heart rate variability (HRV) during various physiological stress tests.

Summary:

This study evaluated 13 men with LUTS due to BPH, measuring ANS activity via heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during deep breathing and tilt tests.
Correlations between the LF/HF ratio (an indicator of sympathetic/parasympathetic balance) and BPH-related variables were analyzed.
Findings indicated sympathetic overactivity and a blunted parasympathetic response to stimuli in the study group.

Impact:

The results suggest a potential role for ANS dysregulation in the development and progression of BPH.
This highlights the importance of considering ANS modulation in future therapeutic strategies for BPH and LUTS.
Further research could explore targeted interventions to rebalance ANS activity for improved patient outcomes.