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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Midfacial split for access to the central base
I P Janecka1, D W Nuss, C N Sen
1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Abstract:
The technique of the midfacial split for access to the central cranial base is described. It provides--using bilateral facial osteotomies and soft tissue mobilization--a unified surgical field extending in the sagittal plane from the anterior cranial fossa floor and sphenoid sinus to the level of the fourth cervical vertebral body. In the axial plane, the periphery of the surgical access may extend to the jugular fossae and the hypoglossal canals. Experiences and results in eight patients are presented.
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