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Related Concept Videos

International System of Units01:29

International System of Units

The International System of Units, known as the SI system, is a universally accepted measurement system recognized and used worldwide. The SI system is based on a set of three base units considered absolute, and their values do not change with location. These base units are meters, kilograms, and seconds.
Prefixes are used to define both larger and smaller quantities in the SI system. For example, milli, micro, and nano define smaller quantities, while kilo, mega, and giga are used to define...
Units and Standards of Measurement01:10

Units and Standards of Measurement

A physical quantity is defined either by specifying its measurement method or by stating how it is calculated from other measurements. For example, consider a metallic cube. We might define its mass and dimensions by specifying methods for measuring them, such as using a weighing machine and a meter scale. Then, we could define the volume by stating that it is the cube of its side, and we could calculate the density as the mass divided by the volume.
Measurements of physical quantities are...
Units and Standards of Measurement01:10

Units and Standards of Measurement

A physical quantity is defined either by specifying its measurement method or by stating how it is calculated from other measurements. For example, consider a metallic cube. We might define its mass and dimensions by specifying methods for measuring them, such as using a weighing machine and a meter scale. Then, we could define the volume by stating that it is the cube of its side, and we could calculate the density as the mass divided by the volume.
Measurements of physical quantities are...
Measurement: Standard Units03:38

Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
SI Units: 2019 Redefinition01:13

SI Units: 2019 Redefinition

Measurement is an indispensable part of analytical chemistry. The result of measurement helps quantify a substance's physical property and compare it with the physical property of another substance. Each measurement comprises two components - a number indicating the magnitude and a unit of measurement as a standard for comparison. Further, the same quantity can be measured using different units of measurement, which leads to differences in magnitude.
A standard set of units has been defined to...
Measurement: Derived Units03:02

Measurement: Derived Units

The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, amount of substance, and luminosity. These are called the SI base units.

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Toward international normative reference data for the comprehensive system.

Gregory J Meyer1, Philip Erdberg, Thomas W Shaffer

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA. gmeyer@utnet.utoledo.edu

Journal of Personality Assessment
|December 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

International Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS) reference values are reliable for adults across 17 countries. However, CS scores for children and adolescents show high variability, making them unreliable for clinical interpretation.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychometrics
  • Clinical Assessment

Background:

  • The Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS) is a widely used projective test for psychological assessment.
  • Establishing reliable normative data is crucial for accurate clinical interpretation of psychological assessments.
  • Previous research has highlighted the need for international normative data for the CS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a composite set of international reference means and standard deviations for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS) using adult data.
  • To evaluate the stability and clinical utility of CS scores derived from international adult and child/adolescent samples.
  • To provide guidance to clinicians on the appropriate use of CS scores in international contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled data from 21 adult samples across 17 countries and 31 child/adolescent samples from 5 countries.
  • Calculated composite international reference means and standard deviations for CS scores.
  • Computed T-scores for each sample and analyzed score distributions.
  • Compared sample score distributions and variability across eight CS clusters.

Main Results:

  • Adult samples from around the world demonstrated general similarity, supporting the creation of international reference values.
  • T-scores derived from international adult data were found to be relatively stable and clinically interpretable.
  • Child and adolescent samples yielded unstable and extreme values on many CS scores.
  • Significant variability was observed in CS scores for child and adolescent populations across different countries.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians are encouraged to integrate the composite international reference values for adults into their clinical interpretation of Rorschach protocols.
  • The high variability in CS scores for children and adolescents necessitates caution.
  • Further research is required to understand the factors contributing to score variability in child and adolescent samples before widespread nomothetic use of CS scores is recommended for this population.