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The superosmic phenomenon.

C M Philpott1, P Goonetilleke, P C Goodenough

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Essex Rivers Healthcare NHS Trust, Colchester, UK. carl.philpott@btinternet.com

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|November 28, 2007
PubMed
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Researchers identified "superosmia," a rare condition where individuals have extremely sensitive smell. This phenomenon involves perceiving odors at concentrations up to 100,000 times lower than average, with potential implications for olfactory research.

Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Olfactory Neuroscience

Background:

  • A novel olfactory phenomenon, termed 'superosmia,' has been observed in olfaction studies.
  • Superosmia is characterized by an exceptionally low odor detection threshold, potentially 100,000 times lower than average.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and quantify the characteristics of the superosmic phenomenon.
  • To establish objective criteria for identifying superosmia in subjects.

Main Methods:

  • 230 subjects (aged 20-60) without nasal pathology underwent olfactory threshold testing.
  • Computer-driven olfactometry was used with phenylethyl alcohol or eucalyptol.
  • Tests included single and repeated olfactory threshold measurements.

Main Results:

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  • 2% of subjects exhibited superosmia during single testing.
  • 10% demonstrated superosmia on variable occasions during repeated testing.
  • Superosmia was defined by consistent low-threshold odor perception, statistically significant probability, and sometimes a rapid loss of sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Superosmia represents a distinct olfactory enhancement phenomenon.
  • The underlying stimulus or mechanism requires further investigation.
  • Potential mechanisms include activation of accessory olfactory pathways or modulation of existing olfactory systems.