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Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats
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Optical coherence tomography and disease subtype in multiple sclerosis.

M Pulicken1, E Gordon-Lipkin, L J Balcer

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Neurology
|November 28, 2007
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Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular volumes (MV) are reduced in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, even in eyes without optic neuritis (ON). Progressive MS shows more significant retinal thinning than relapsing-remitting MS.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Optic neuritis (ON) is a common early symptom of MS, leading to vision impairment.
  • Subclinical retinal changes may indicate broader neurological damage in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular volumes (MV) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
  • To compare RNFL and MV in MS eyes with and without a history of acute optic neuritis (ON).
  • To evaluate RNFL and MV differences across MS subtypes (relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, secondary progressive).

Main Methods:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure RNFL thickness in 326 MS eyes and 94 control eyes.
  • Macular volumes (MV) and visual acuity were assessed in a subset of participants.
  • MS subtypes were classified, including relapsing-remitting (RRMS), primary progressive (PPMS), and secondary progressive (SPMS).

Main Results:

  • MS eyes with ON showed significantly reduced RNFL thickness compared to controls (84.2 vs 102.7 microm).
  • Unaffected fellow eyes and eyes without ON history in MS patients also exhibited decreased RNFL thickness.
  • Progressive MS subtypes (PPMS, SPMS) demonstrated more pronounced RNFL and MV reductions than RRMS patients.

Conclusions:

  • RNFL thinning is a significant finding in MS, present even in eyes without ON and in unaffected fellow eyes.
  • Macular volume reduction was observed in MS eyes with ON and in SPMS.
  • OCT is a valuable tool for detecting subclinical retinal changes in MS, potentially serving as a biomarker for retinal pathology.