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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

Operating room fires: optimizing safety.

Silvia Cristina Meneghetti¹, Mark M Morgan, Janet Fritz

¹Cleveland, Ohio From the Department of Plastic Surgery and the Division of Anesthesia, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

|November 28, 2007

Summary

For facial cosmetic surgery patients under sedation, a nasal cannula delivers higher oxygen concentrations near the face than a nasopharyngeal tube. The nasopharyngeal tube system significantly reduces oxygen levels, approaching ambient air concentrations.

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Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Respiratory Therapy

Background:

Investigating safe supplemental oxygen delivery for patients undergoing facial cosmetic surgery under conscious sedation.
Comparing nasal cannula versus nasopharyngeal tube oxygen delivery methods in 20 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the safest and most effective method of supplemental oxygen delivery during facial cosmetic surgery.
To compare oxygen concentration levels achieved by nasal cannula and nasopharyngeal tube.

Main Methods:

Oxygenation was administered at 3 liters/minute via nasal cannula or nasopharyngeal tube in 20 patients.
Oxygen concentrations were measured at 24 facial locations using a mass spectrometer.
Measurements were taken at various intervals around the nasal and perioral areas.

Main Results:

Higher oxygen concentrations were consistently observed with the nasal cannula compared to the nasopharyngeal tube at all measured sites above the nasal area (p = 0.004).
The nasopharyngeal tube system resulted in significantly lower oxygen concentrations.

Conclusions:

The nasopharyngeal tube system effectively reduces oxygen concentration, approaching ambient air levels, even close to the source.
This suggests potential safety benefits in minimizing oxygen exposure during procedures like facial cosmetic surgery.