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Standing Waves in a Cavity

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

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Continuous-wave and passively Q-switched cladding-pumped planar waveguide lasers.

R J Beach, S C Mitchell, H E Meissner

|November 28, 2007

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High-power diode-pumped Yb:YAG and Nd:YAG waveguide lasers achieved over 12 W and 8 W average output power, respectively. These lasers demonstrate efficient optical-optical conversion and potential for compact, high-performance laser systems.

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Area of Science:

Laser Physics
Materials Science
Optical Engineering

Background:

Diode-pumped solid-state lasers are crucial for various applications.
Planar waveguide lasers offer advantages in beam quality and thermal management.
Ytterbium-doped YAG (Yb:YAG) and Neodymium-doped YAG (Nd:YAG) are established laser gain media.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate high average output power from diode-pumped cladding-pumped Yb:YAG and Nd:YAG planar waveguide lasers.
To investigate the performance characteristics, including efficiency and beam quality.
To integrate a Q-switched element for pulsed operation in the Nd:YAG system.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of cladding-pumped planar waveguide structures using Yb:YAG and Nd:YAG materials.
Diode pumping of the waveguide lasers at appropriate wavelengths.
Characterization of output power, beam quality, polarization, and optical-optical conversion efficiency.
Integration of a Cr(4+):YAG passive Q-switch into the Nd:YAG waveguide for pulsed operation.

Main Results:

Achieved >12 W average output power from a diode-pumped Yb:YAG waveguide laser with diffraction-limited beam quality in the guiding dimension.
Demonstrated a slope efficiency of 0.5 W/W and peak optical-optical conversion efficiency of 0.31 W/W for the Yb:YAG laser.
Generated >8 W average output power from a Q-switched Nd:YAG waveguide laser.
Achieved 3 ns pulse widths and 80 kHz pulse repetition frequencies for the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, with 0.28 W/W slope efficiency and 0.21 W/W peak optical-optical conversion efficiency.

Conclusions:

Diode-pumped cladding-pumped planar waveguide lasers are capable of delivering high average output power.
The Yb:YAG system offers efficient, linearly polarized, and diffraction-limited output.
The integrated Q-switched Nd:YAG waveguide laser demonstrates effective pulsed operation with high repetition rates and short pulse durations.