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Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

Propagation of Waves

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...

Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities

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Standing Electromagnetic Waves

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Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

Published on: May 27, 2013

Supercontinuum generation and pulse compression in hollow waveguides.

A V Husakou, V P Kalosha, J Herrmann

|November 28, 2007

Summary

We theoretically studied pulse compression in hollow waveguides, predicting a novel spectral broadening regime covering nearly 3 octaves. This allows for subcycle pulse compression, advancing ultrafast optics.

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Theoretical Physics
Nonlinear Optics

Background:

Hollow waveguides are crucial for nonlinear optical phenomena.
Understanding dispersion is key for pulse manipulation.
Previous studies often relied on approximations like the slowly varying envelope approximation.

Purpose of the Study:

To theoretically investigate temporal and spectral characteristics of pulses in hollow waveguides.
To explore pulse compression without relying on the slowly varying envelope approximation.
To predict and analyze a novel ultrawide spectral broadening regime.

Main Methods:

A global approach to dispersion was employed.
The slowly varying envelope approximation was not used.

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Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

Published on: May 27, 2013

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

Theoretical modeling of self-phase modulation and its effects on pulse spectra.

Main Results:

A novel ultrawide spectral broadening regime induced by self-phase modulation was predicted.
Spectra covering almost 3 octaves were observed under specific pressure conditions (small and anomalous group-velocity dispersion parameter).
Compression to subcycle pulses using a broadband modulator and pulse shortening using a spectral filter were studied.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrates a new regime for significant spectral broadening in hollow waveguides.
Subcycle pulse compression is achievable, offering potential for advanced ultrafast applications.
The theoretical framework provides insights into pulse dynamics beyond common approximations.